Definitions

All three municipalities have to define creative industries and creative industries sectors for their work. Meanwhile I will refer here to some definitions and guidelines that we have come across during this project (the first seminar).

Colin Mercer (UK): The Creative Industries: definition
as 'activities which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have the potential for wealth and job creation through generation and exploitation of intellectual property.' I am happy with UK definition. Tourism or heritage is not part of creative industries. Cultural sector is the whole ecology. UK defines cultural sector in 7 sectors. Many European countries divide cultural industries and institutions and it gives problems with definitions.

UK sector composition:
- software and computer services
- publishing
- music
- TV and radio
- advertising
- design
- performing arts
- film and video
- arts and antiques market
- crafts
- architecture
- interactive leisure software
- designer fashion

The creative industries are a special sector because, while economically increasingly important, they are also about:

• the resources of identity
• the resources of affirmation
• the resources of celebration
• the resources of social inclusion and cohesion
• the economy of symbols, values and meanings
• the quality, vitality and convivility of lived human environments
• the resources of a sustainable and creative new economy
• the development of distinctive local, regional and national identities (and industries) in the context of globalisation and potential homogenisation of cultures (ref. Uruguay Gatt Round/WTO the principles of "cultural exception" and "cultural diversity")
  

Dutch definition - there are two clusters in creative industries - Arts and Media & entertainment. In Amsterdam there is a program and not a strategy. Active waiting until a good project comes by.

Robert Marijnissen (Amsterdam): We know what to do:

• Link creative industries with education
• Economic and cultural perspective for young talents
• Competing and creative entrepreneurial climate
• Crossovers between the arts, media & ICT
• Building for the creative industries (Invest in the museum of modern art instead of investing in small companies, one artist)
• Improving the international position (international marketing)
  

Henrik Sparre Ulrich (Denmark): Why should a municipality focus on creating the optimal conditions for culture and creative industries?

• to satisfy the survival and growth ambitions of the municipality, the region and the nation
• in order to attract a qualified working force
• mapping of culture and creative industries, making SWOT analysis in order to find out which branches to support, which cluster has the possibility to obtain the sufficient critical mass.
• officials/data have to be updated
• in order to find out what is our identity and future potentials concerning creative industries

Cultural vs creative industries
The Economy of Culture in Europe (2006) proposes a new definition of cultural and creative industries. It distinguishes between
* a cultural sector constituted of traditional art fields and cultural industries whose output are exclusively cultural, and
* a creative sector which gathers the remaining industries and activities that use culture as an added-value for the production of non-cultural products.

The most interesting policies combine cultural objectives: diversity, quality, distribution, and economic objectives: innovation, entrepreneurship, export, investment, clustering and economic growth.
There is growing support for the idea that culture and creativity contribute to economic development directly and indirectly.

Promotion of cross-overs: The focus of the projects is on forming networks, knowledge transfer and collaboration, international significance and sustainability.